• 聊而找聊的时候,掷硬币吧,正面为笑,反面为哭,如果硬币立起来,那就哭笑不得!

    的确是挺无聊的,所有的事情归总为一个字“等”,等待时间,等待回家的时间,快了,也就这几天了。忙了一年了,好像这一年中最有意义的事,就是回家了。所以很兴奋,所以对其它的事都很无趣,所以掷硬币玩!

    很不兴,我中奖了,在对自己说了N多次“这回是最后一次抛”后,在可爱的花瓶帮助下,硬币立起来了。哭笑不得!

    这个无聊的过程,也因立起来的硬币而结束了,我与家的距离又近了十分钟!

     

  • 达人年

    2008-01-21

    本人主观意识来说,生活并不存在好与坏,只有态度的对与否。有钱时过有钱的烧金快乐,没钱时过挣钱的拼搏快乐。给自己压着太多的东西,再强壮的人也会被压弯的!俗说“能人取世,才人经世,达人玩世”,只有属于自己的东西组合而成的才是真世界。

    附:鼠年成语、鼠年楹联、鼠年对联

    人喜盛世;鼠兆丰年。
    子孙奋发;丙火辉煌。
    子年人瑞;丙岁春温。
    子年润泽;丙火兴隆。
    子夜为鼠;丑时属牛。
    丙辉瑞应;子庶丰登。
    丙名世德;子夜凯旋。
    丙年凤仪;子夜钟鸣。
    丙年春满;子夜灯红。
    丙年兴旺;子民腾欢。
    人欢为体健;鼠硕因年丰。
    子为地支首;鼠乃生肖先。
    子夜岁交替;鼠年春更新。
    子夜钟声响;鼠年爆竹喧。
    子夜松涛劲;鼠年鹊语香。
    子时岁交替;鼠节春更新。
    子时春意闹;鼠岁笑声甜。
    子年春到户;鼠岁喜临门。
    丙辉腾瑞气;子庶乐丰年。
    丙辉觇瑞应;子庶庆丰登。
    百年推甲子;福地在春申。
    豕去呈丰稔;鼠来报吉祥。
    豕去春无限;鼠来岁有余。
    苍松随岁古;子鼠与年新。
    欣有鼠须笔;喜题燕尾书。
    春风拂绿柳;灵鼠跳松青。
    春潮传喜讯;鼠岁报佳音。
    春燕鸣暖树;金鼠跳青松。
    黄山松鼠跳;子夜阳春来。
    黄山松鼠跳;绿野早春归。
    黄莺鸣翠柳;金鼠恋苍松。
    鼠为生肖首;春乃岁时先。
    鼠来豕去远;春到景更新。
    鼠至调新律;鸡鸣早报春。
    鼠颖题春贴;鹊舌报福音。
    鹊语红梅放;鼠年喜气浓。
    碧野青蛙叫;黄山松鼠鸣。
    新妆鼠嫁女;美景艳迎春。

    横批:
    鼠年大吉 春光无限 丽日抒怀 发扬民主 除旧布新 宏图大展 气象万千 强国富民 
    欣欣向荣 奋发向上 一代风流 满门喜庆 盛世长春 廉风正气 振兴中华 春满神州 
    万事如意 国泰民安 迎春接福 春和人畅 四野春风 国沐春风 瑞雪迎春 福地洞天 
    花团锦簇 三春献瑞 红花吐艳 三阳开泰 国家兴旺 春景常胜

    一日时辰子为首;十二生肖鼠占头。
    十二时辰鼠在首;一年四季春为头。
    子时一到开新律;鼠岁三春报好音。
    子夜佳章茅盾著;鼠偷奇案况钟察。
    子夜鼠欢爆竹乐;门庭燕舞笑声喧。
    子夜钟声燃爆竹;鼠年吉语化春联。
    子岁人奔新富路;甲年众改旧乾坤。
    子来亥去年更岁;斗换星移日转轮。
    子年大有山河壮;甲岁丰盈日月新。
    九州浪潮逐鼠去;万里东风吹富来。
    三春花雨润甲岁;十亿神州庆子年。
    万千气象开新景;一代风流壮鼠年。
    万千禽兽尊为子;十二生肖独占先。
    才见肥猪财拱户;又迎金鼠福临门。
    午夜钟声响且远;子时月色亮而圆。
    火树银花迎玉鼠;山珍海味列金盘。
    壬遇深恩心谢党;子图大业力描春。
    甲第宏开他造府;子年兴旺我修楼。
    甲第连云欣发展;子年遍地祝丰收。
    甲乙科名佳话在;子孙孝友古风存。
    甲兵永戢书康乐;子庶同歌世共和。
    甲子迎春多瑞霭;文明建国遍春风。
    丙夜未眠思国计;子时早起讶春光。
    丙年有庆猪辞岁;子夜无声鼠报春。
    丙丁烈焰开新宇;子丑银花兆丰年。
    丙子迎春期两制;陆台携手庆三通。
    丙辉耀福腾淑气;子舍承欢聚太和。
    龙国群英兴伟业;鼠须彩笔绘蓝图。
    东风扑面经新雨;江水回头恋子年。
    务本神农播百谷;刺贪硕鼠吟三章。
    吉祥鼠报丰收岁;科技花开富裕家。
    老鼠娶亲鸣鼓乐;羊毫蘸墨写春联。

     

    Tag:天花板
  • 周,上海股市屡创新高,伦敦房价对利率的上升不屑一顾,一家新的对冲基金邀请玩家在艺术品市场建仓。在美国内布拉斯加州,全球最成功的投资者沃伦• 巴菲特(Warren Buffett),向景仰他的伯克夏哈撒韦公司(Berkshire Hathaway)股东进行了一年一度的说教。

    评估资产价值的方式有两种。对基本面分析派来说,资产的价值就是其整个生命周期产生的回报的总和。对跟风者来说,资产的价值就是其他人愿意支付的价格。在投资风格上,在公平价值会计方式上,基本面分析派和跟风者之间的对立是很多金融争议的根源。任何一个拥有或可能购买中国股票、房产或艺术品的人,都隐含地被迫选定一个“立场”。

    正如其它学术争论一样,假如是在一个完美的世界里——未来是确知的,每个人的偏好都相同,那么基本面分析派和跟风者之间的辩论自然会得到解决。

    基本面分析派主宰的世界是一个孤独的地方,它的居民散落在奥马哈(Omaha)之类的地方。买家和卖家不停做出独立的价值评估,随着时间、个体和集体心态的不同,给出的答案也各异。他们的平均估值就是价格,它遵循一个趋势,但永远也不可能确定,价格的上涨或下跌代表着价格偏离(这种情况下随时可能出现均值回归),抑或是趋势本身的转变。基本面分析派的生活可能会很伤脑筋,但他们可以降低负担风险的代价,只要不过于密切地追踪每日价格波动。

    但跟风者承受不起离开电脑屏幕、伦敦或是曼哈顿大街的代价,哪怕一小会儿都不行。跟风是一种社会行为,成功的跟风者一直在相互猜测,不仅要估计彼此的出价,还要估计别人明天可能愿意支付的价格,猜测别人会怎么想,以及别人认为自己会怎么想。

    “你买的任何东西都能以更高价格转手卖给别人”——当这种信念在市场上占据主导地位时,跟风者就会创造出泡沫。一旦所有的潜在跟风者都加入了跟风行列——再也没有傻瓜了——泡沫就会破裂。

    巴菲特这样的基本面分析派有时能够渗入跟风者群体。他们可以将基本面分析派与跟风者的原理融合在一起。他们观察到,对于耐心的投资者而言,一件资产的价值永远是市场价值和基本面价值中较高的一个——你可以选择现在将资产出售,也可以选择终生持有。但专业基金经理通常只能与其它跟风者为伍。他们被迫每天盯着市场,并以相对业绩作为基准衡量指标。

    光顾中国股市的大多是跟风者,而住宅市场上多为基本面分析派。多数购房者(即使是在房地产热潮最后阶段购房的人)都是以居住为目的。他们的决策基于这样一种判断:未来数十年获得的回报将超过房价。或许他们的判断仓促或有误,但却是以基本价值为基础的。购房自住的原则也存在一些例外——主要是买房出租或是购买投机开发项目的期房——但这些例外恰恰证明了一般规律。在中国股市跌倒是必然的,在住宅市场则未必。

    那艺术品市场又如何呢?最昂贵的艺术市场有两个显著特征。长期来看,房产供应受价格影响,而中国股票供应可能极具“弹性”,但早期绘画大师作品的供应量是固定的。而由于供应如此有限,每10年仅需要少数人加入跟风队伍。很少有资产的价格能够与基本价值永远脱节。因此,巴菲特会持有他的奥马哈平房,甚至还有中石油(PetroChina)的股票,但却不收藏早期绘画大师的作品。

    CONFLICTING CREEDS: HOW TO VALUE ART, HOUSES AND ASIAN STOCK

    Last week, the Shanghai stock market reached new highs, London house prices shrugged off higher interest rates and a new hedge fund invited punters to take positions in the art market. Out in Nebraska, Warren Buffett, the world's most successful investor, delivered his annual homily to the admiring stockholders of Berkshire Hathaway.

    There are two approaches to valuing assets. For fundamentalists, the value of an asset is the sum of the returns it will yield over its life. For fellow travellers, an asset is worth what someone else is willing to pay for it. The conflict between fundamentalists and fellow travellers is the root of many financial controversies, over investment styles, over fair value accounting. Anyone who owns, or might buy, a Chinese share, a house, or a work of art is pressed into – implicitly – taking a view.

    As with other doctrinal disputes, the debate between fundamentalists and fellow travellers would resolve itself in a perfect world where the future was known with certainty and everyone had the same preferences.

    A world dominated by fundamentalists is a lonely place, its inhabitants scattered in locations such as Omaha. Buyers and sellers constantly make independent assessments of value, coming up with answers that vary over time, across individuals and with collective states of mind. The price is an average of their assessments, it follows a trend but it is impossible ever to be sure whether a rise or fall represents a deviation, subject to mean reversion, or a shift in the trend itself. Fundamentalist life can be nerve-racking, but fundamentalists can reduce the cost of risk-bearing by simply not following day-by-day price fluctuations too closely.

    Fellow travellers, however, cannot afford to be away from their screens, or the streets of London or Manhattan, for even a short time. Fellow travelling is a social activity and successful fellow travellers are constantly second-guessing each other, estimating not just what each other will pay but what they might be willing to pay tomorrow, what they think others will think and what they think others will think they think.

    Fellow travellers create bubbles, when markets become dominated by the belief that you can sell on anything you buy at a higher
    price to someone else. Once every potential fellow traveller is on the road – there are no suckers left – these bubbles burst.

    Fundamentalists such as Mr Buffett can sometimes infiltrate the society of fellow travellers. They can reconcile the fundamentalist and fellow travelling doctrines by observing that, for the patient investor, the value of an asset is always the higher of market value and fundamental value – you have the choice of selling it now or holding it for life. Professional fund managers, however, are generally confined to the company of other fellow travellers. They are forced to mark to market every day and are benchmarked to relative performance.

    The Chinese stock market is frequented mostly by fellow travellers, but the housing market is populated by fundamentalists. Most people who buy houses, even in the last stages of housing booms, are buying them to live in. Their decision is based on their assessment that the returns to them over the years will exceed the price. Their judgments may be panicked or mistaken but are based on fundamental value. There are a few pockets of exception to the principle that people buy houses to live in – where buy-to-let predominates or off-plan purchases in speculative developments – but these exceptions prove the general rule. Nemesis in Shanghai is certain. Nemesis in the housing market is not.

    And what of art? The market for the most expensive art has two distinctive features. In the long run the supply of houses responds to the price and the supply of Chinese equities is potentially very elastic indeed, but the supply of old masters is fixed. And because the supply is so limited, only a few fellow travellers need to be recruited in each decade. There are few assets whose prices can remain for ever unrelated to an assessment of fundamental value. So Mr Buffett owns his Omaha bungalow, and even a stake in PetroChina but no old master collection.

  • 是我的最后一篇亚洲专栏,因为我将在近期退休,离开工作了39年的英国《金融时报》。这是个难得的机会,可以总结我多年来报道、评论亚洲事务所得到的一些教训和感想,并破除那个奇怪的神话。我还将冒险做几个预言。

    首先,并非整个东亚都是经济奇迹:当今所谓的亚洲经济奇迹,完全就是一个有关中国的故事。本世纪以来,中国贡献了亚洲发展中国家(包括印度在内)一半以上的经济增长。表现令人失望的国家多得令人吃惊。作为亚洲最大的经济体,日本仍在努力从长达10年的经济萧条中复苏。地区第三大经济体韩国正在困境中挣扎;台湾和泰国的表现也远低于它们的潜力。

    其次,中国并没有超乎常人的计划。始终不变的是,共产党依然坚决地保持它对权力的垄断。实际上,其领导权的政治合法性,取决于它能否让尽可能多的人生活水平不断提高。对那个目标的追求,本质上是实用主义性质的,而且采取的是试错法。正如在中国经常发生的那样,当存在许多不确定性时,即便对那些当权者而言,试错法也是一个谨慎的选择。这是投资组合理论在政治上的应用。其中最重大的问题是,经济发展最终将从政治上把这个国家引向何方。

    另外两个因素,使得治理中国变成了一件很悬的事情。其一,是中央政府一直试图控制那些“不听话”的地方官员——他们为了让自己管辖的地区和自己更为富有,在执行中央指令时往往过于流于表面。其二,是既得利益群体日益增长的影响。在一个改革不彻底的领导层的管理之下,既得利益群体正在更强力地维护自身利益。游说政治如今在北京的重要性,至少已和华盛顿一样,这就是为什么人们往往很难解读中国政治的原因。

    第三,经济支配亚洲外交。在这个因不信任和历史积怨而分裂的地区,贸易和投资(特别是以跨境生产网络形式出现的投资)所创造的相互依赖,是地区稳定的最强大支柱。不管政治分歧有多大,亚洲国家从未允许它威胁到它们共同追求的出口带动型经济增长。鉴于外交选择有限,人们只能寄望于经济逻辑继续发挥主导作用,期望亚洲不要遭遇像诺曼•安杰尔(Norman Angell) 1913年预言一样的命运。安杰尔当时曾预言称,欧洲国家在经济上的相互依赖已经达到前所未有的水平,以至于互相之间不可能发动战争。

    第四,即便亚洲有可能组成一个紧密整合的经济集团,那也需要很长一段时间。除了国家之间相互怀疑之外,中国和日本(或许还有印度)在地区影响力方面的竞争,使得它们难以达成重大协议。此外,亚洲各国在主权方面的高度戒备,以及许多国家内部制度的虚弱,阻碍了进一步整合所需的制度性合作。

    第五,中国“软实力”的重要性被高估。北京在全世界的多数外交举措,首先是受到经济需求的推动,其中最重要的,是中国在能源及原材料供应安全方面的需求。中国能够抢到美国前面,更多是因为华盛顿相对而言忽视了必需的政治营销技巧。

    真正有效的软实力,其基础是内在诱人的国家理念、原则和价值。尽管布什政府已经肆意地浪费了那些资产,但我猜,如果有选择的机会,多数亚洲人仍将选择失去光泽的美国梦,而非当代中国严厉的约束、无情的唯物主义和精神贫乏。

    第六,在亚洲眼中,欧洲只是一个产品销售市场和奢侈品产地,除此之外,欧洲与亚洲并不相干。在欧洲,那些幻想亚洲未来的发展将基于欧洲“模式”的人,实际上是在欺骗自己。我们将发现,亚洲唯一愿意拥抱的欧洲模式,乃是模特的猫步。

    第七,西方对制造业转向东方的抱怨将减少。如果你除此之外的唯一选择就是依靠土地和土地之下的东西维持生计,在这种情况下,制造业才是你的选择。自动化正在减少制造业的就业机会,竞争残酷,而且真正的高额利润处在生产设计、营销和品牌推广等环节。这就是为什么从中国到印度,所有企业都渴望超越敲打金属的简单业务。

    第八,限制言论自由的做法,在经济上和政治上都是错误的。多数亚洲政府都梦想创造一个有能力进行基本创新的“知识型”社会。然而,正如韩国的伪造人类克隆等丑闻所显示那样,它们前面的路还非常遥远。几乎所有出生于亚洲的诺贝尔科学桂冠的得主,其所获荣誉都源自他们在西方的工作,生动地说明了这一点。

    真正的创新,往往来自偶然的发现,而且强烈地挑战现有秩序。但是,即便在那些强权政体不惩罚此种行为的国家,恪守等级的态度和归顺服从的传统,往往培育出知识上的因循守旧。要想改变这种状况,并非高额科研预算就能完成的。

    在过去28个月中,这个专栏让我得到了作为新闻从业者的最高特权,亲眼见证了一段正在形成的历史。它很刺激,经常令我惊讶,有时有趣,有时滑稽。我也经常从读者的智慧中受益。其中一些读者成了我的朋友。祝他们好运。也祝愿亚洲好运。

    Tag:天花板
  • 天下午,就是刚吃完午饭的时候,我快两岁大的女儿都要睡个午觉。有时,安顿她睡下的任务会落在我头上,当我让她舒服地套上粉色条格平布睡衣、躺在一群“泰迪熊”之中时,往往会有一股强烈的嫉妒感。

    谁不渴望偶尔睡个午觉呢?对于有些人(包括我自己)来说,找个安静的地方躺下来,是非常必要的。

    因此,几周前当我读到法国卫生部长格扎维埃•贝尔特朗(Xavier Bertrand)呼吁该国雇主认真考虑让员工午睡时,我很感兴趣。“绝对不能小瞧睡觉问题,”他表示。“上班时为什么不能午睡?这不是个禁忌话题。”

    对此,我肯定不会有不同意见,况且他有科学依据。他的许多同胞可能也会表示赞同。据报道,在睡眠质量较差的法国人中,一半以上的人认为,这影响了他们的工作业绩。

    贝尔特朗的想法是做一个实验,让一定数量自愿参与的公司引入餐后午睡机制,然后对结果进行研究。午睡时间将限制在15分钟,如果这有利于集中精力和提高工作质量,那么就可以推广这种做法。

    正好,目前已有相当多的证据表明,午睡有助于增进记忆力和学习等技能。例如,2000年,日本产业医学综合研究所(National Institute of Industrial Health)的Masaya Takahashi和Heihachiro Arito,研究了午餐后15分钟的小睡对12个学生的机敏程度和逻辑推理能力的影响。这些学生在前一夜只能睡4个小时。

    他们发现,在认知功能测试中,睡午觉学生的测试结果好于没睡午觉的。报告还称,睡午觉的人不爱犯困,而且在逻辑推理方面更出色。科学家们表示,睡午觉的好处,在下午3点左右表现得尤其明显——在这个时候,我们中的许多人都在“洗劫”抽屉,寻找火柴杆似的东西来撑着眼皮。

    其他科学家已从学习和记忆角度研究了午觉。例如,萨拉•梅德尼克(Sara Mednick)和她哈佛大学(Harvard)的同事们,投入大量精力进行一个实验,这个实验是衡量人们在有视觉干扰的情况下,捕捉到特定图像的能力。

    在一次实验中,他们让大约70位参与者在一天清晨做这个视觉测试。午后,研究人员让一些人睡60分钟的午觉,另一些人睡90分钟的午觉,而第三组不幸的人则不能睡午觉。

    傍晚时分,再对所有参与者进行测试,看他们完成上述测试的能力。没睡午觉的那组人,表现比早晨差很多;午觉时间较短的那组人,表现和先前大致相同;午觉时间较长的那组人,表现则明显好于早晨。这些研究结果表明,在学习过程中,午睡很有帮助。

    到目前为止,我所描述的结果,当然都是睡午觉的好理由,但还有更好的:即睡午觉可能还有利于你的心脏。关于这种大懒鬼借口的证据,本月的《内科学文献》(Archives of Internal Medicine)这一权威杂志中予以了刊载。

    在此项研究中,希腊雅典大学医学院(University of Athens Medical School)的安德罗尼基•纳斯卡(Androniki Naska)研究了年龄在20岁至86岁之间的约2.3万人,以发现午睡是否会影响因心脏病致死的机率。

    在此项为期6年的研究中,所有参与者在研究开始前都没有心脏病史。科学家们问过他们所有人,是否睡午觉,如果睡的话,频率和时间是多少。他们还提供了此前一年的体育活动水平和饮食习惯。

    自始至终,在6年的研究过程中,有792个参与者死亡,其中133人死于心脏病。研究人员仔细地考虑了其它心血管病的风险因素,并发现,与不睡午觉的人相比,有午睡习惯的人(无论频率和时间长短如何)死于心脏病的风险机率要低34%。此外,每周至少睡3次午觉、每次午觉时间持续30分钟或更长的人,死于与心脏相关疾病的机率低37%。

    在工作的人当中,这种影响甚至更大。研究人员发现,在上述研究过程中,午睡的人死于心脏病的机率,比不睡午觉的人平均低64%。

    由于我自己就是个工作的人(至少在某种程度上是),这是个很有说服力的结果。我现在需要决定的是,我应该午睡多长时间。我女儿每天能睡大约3小时。那是不是太长了,你说呢?

    Every afternoon, just after lunch, my almost two-year-old daughter takes a nap. Sometimes the task of settling her falls to me, and often as I put her down amid the teddies, snuggled in a pink gingham sleep suit, I feel a sharp twinge of envy.

    Who doesn't crave a midday snooze now and then? There are some people, myself among them, for whom lying down somewhere quiet is a necessity.

    So I was fascinated to read a few weeks ago that the French health minister, Xavier Bertrand, has called for the country's employers to take seriously the idea of letting their workers take siestas. “Sleep must not be trivialised,” he said. “Why not a siesta at work? It can't be a taboo subject.”

    He'll get no argument from me, if only because the scientific evidence is on his side. Many of his countrymen and women will probably agree, too. Reportedly, more than half of French people who suffer poor sleep think it affects their performance at work.

    Bertrand's idea is to conduct an experiment in which a limited number of volunteer companies introduce the after-lunch kip, and then study the results. The siesta would be limited to 15 minutes, and if it improves concentration and quality of work it might be adopted more widely.

    As it happens, there is already a reasonable amount of evidence that midday sleeps can help with skills such as memory and learning. In 2000, for example, Masaya Takahashi and Heihachiro Arito from Japan's National Institute of Industrial Health studied the effects of a 15-minute nap after lunch on alertness and logical reasoning in 12 students who'd only been allowed four hour's sleep the night before.

    They found that the students who had a nap did better in a test of cognitive function than their napless counterparts. They also reported less sleepiness and were better at logical reasoning. The benefits were seen particularly in the mid-afternoon, the scientists said - at a time when many of us can be found rifling through desk drawers looking for matchsticks to prop open our eyelids.

    Other scientists have looked at naps from the perspective of learning and memory. Sara Mednick and her colleagues at Harvard, for example, have done a lot of work with a test that measures how well people can detect specific images amid visual distractions.

    In one experiment, they trained roughly 70 participants to do the visual test early one morning. In the early afternoon, some were told to have a 60-minute nap, others were given a 90-minute nap and a third group of unfortunates weren't allowed any nap at all.

    Later that evening all the participants were tested on their ability to perform the test. The no-nap group did significantly worse than they had in the morning, the short-nap group did roughly as well as they had previously and the long-nap group did much better. These findings show that napping helped the learning process.

    The results I've described so far are all good reasons for taking naps, certainly, but there are better ones: namely, that napping might also be good for your heart. The evidence for this ultimate slacker's excuse was published this month in the excellent journal Archives of Internal Medicine.

    In that study, Androniki Naska from the University of Athens Medical School in Greece studied some 23,000 men and women between the ages of 20 and 86, aiming to discover whether napping had any impact on risk of death from heart disease.

    None of the patients in the six-year study had any history of heart disease before the study began. The scientists asked them all if they took midday naps, and if so, how often and for how long. They also reported their level of physical activity and dietary habits over the previous year.

    Overall, 792 participants died in the six years of the study, including 133 who died from heart disease. The researchers carefully took account of other cardiovascular risk factors and found that people who took naps of any frequency and duration had a 34 per cent lower risk of dying from heart disease than those who did not. What's more, nappers who took a siesta for 30 minutes or more at least three times a week had a 37 per cent lower risk of heart-related death.

    Among working men, the impact was even more substantial. On average, those who took midday naps had a 64 per cent lower risk of death from heart disease during the study than those who did not nap, the researchers found.

    Given that I'm a working man (of sorts anyway), this is compelling stuff. All I need to decide now is how long I should be napping for. My daughter manages about three hours a day. Would that be too long, do you think?

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